Budget, lifestyle, room use/traffic patterns and taste are the main considerations to help you navigate a world of choice. Let’s consider each one in turn.

Flooring prices that meet your budget

Is money no object? Or are you juggling preferences and practicalities within clear spending limits? Here’s a very general rule of thumb: medium grade installed carpet or vinyl runs about one-third of the price of hardwood or ceramic installed in the same space; installed laminate is roughly two-thirds of the price. That said the variety of quality and choice is seen in the range of floor pricing–installed vinyl can be anywhere from $1.40 to $6.50 a square foot, installed laminate from $2.50 to $7.50 and installed hardwood from $9.00 to $12.00.

Of course, if you’re handy and undaunted at the thought of doing your own installation all bets are off. You can save a lot of money as long as you know what you’re doing, have the requisite time, skill, tools, patience and understanding roommates. (Remember, your work encroaches on their evenings, weekends and holiday time too.)

Brands and warranties also factor into budget considerations. Basically the longer the warranty period, the better the floor and the higher the price. You do get what you pay for so if you want flooring that will last, look for a decent warranty along with brand recognition. Recommended brands are mentioned in the lifestyle section below.

Flooring that suits your lifestyle

Are you a growing family, on your own or a couple? Do you entertain alot? Are you planning to move in the near future or putting down roots? Do you have the time and inclination to vacuum often or is the broom your best friend? Do you have pets? (In a tank or fur-bearing? Bigger than a guinea-pig? Do they get the run of the house? Indoors, outdoors or both?) The answers to these questions will give you a sense of what flooring is suited to your needs. Consider the following pros and cons.

Carpet is warm, comfortable and cushy, usually well-warrantied and stain resistant. A lower grade will show stains, wear and tear quicker than a higher quality grade, and Berber makes a great choice for kids and pets. Regular vacuuming and spot-cleaning will keep your carpet in good shape but here I have to admit to a personal bias. Vacuuming is not my hobby and I’ve yet to meet a rug that stands up well over time to furballs, pet hair and pet odours. (Though I do recommend the industrial wet/dry shop-vac if you have dogs–we had 3.) Recommended brands–Richmond, Shaw, Coronet, National. For stain resistance, look for the Stainmaster Seal.

Vinyl makes a practical cushioned floor for a bathroom, hallway or kitchen. It doesn’t hold odour and it’s easy to clean. It comes in a huge variety of patterns and looks, mimicing ceramic and even hardwood. While vinyl is surprisingly durable, with the current trends towards hard-surface flooring few choose it for a family or living room. We inherited vinyl tile flooring in our living area and it made a good-looking, resilient covering for several years. Recommended brands–Armstrong, Tarkett.

Laminate is a hugely practical, popular flooring choice. Plank flooring comes in every colour, pattern and finish imaginable–your floor can look like bamboo, heritage oak or highly polished hardwood. Ceramic and cork are also available on a laminate tile tongue and groove backing for ease of installation. Durable, easy to clean, scratch and stain resistant, laminate can chip if heavy objects are dropped with a lot of force. Mop up spills right away–laminate does not do well in the wet. Recommended brands–Pergo, Laurentian, Armstrong, Wicanders.

Ceramic tile makes a beautiful, practical choice. Available in a variety of tile sizes for floors, detail work and backsplashes. Ceramic is breakable and it isn’t cushy underfoot–if you put it in the kitchen, use a non-slip mat in the standing area. Recommended brands–Casa Roma, Centura, Olympia Tile.

Hardwood is a classic flooring favourite. If you’re concerned about scratches and markings go with a harder hardwood–oak, maple, cherry or bamboo. Eventually all hardwoods will mark, but marks are a characterisitic of wood and floors can always be refinished. The variation in pattern and colour that natural hardwood provides is timeless. Recommended brands–Bruce, Laurentian.

Something green? Bamboo hardwood is harvested from the bark of the tree, which replenishes in about 5 years. It takes 23 years to replace a mature oak tree–and bamboo is 23% harder than oak.

Flooring that fits your room use and traffic patterns

What room are you updating with a new floor? How do you use the space and who uses it most? Does your family spend a lot of time there or is it a high-traffic, pass-through area? High-traffic pass-throughs show wear more quickly so invest in a quality floor cover with a good warranty. While there are no hard and fast rules, the following is a list of common choices by area:

Bathroom – vinyl, ceramic, laminate

Kitchen – vinyl, ceramic

Living Room – carpet, laminate, hardwood

Family Room/basement/games room – carpet, laminate, hardwood

Study – carpet, laminate, hardwood

Bedroom – carpet, laminate, hardwood

Hall – carpet, vinyl, laminate, hardwood

Entrances – ceramic, vinyl, laminate

Stairs – carpet, laminate, hardwood

There’s no accounting for taste

Taste is the indefinable element that often overrides every other consideration. Unless you’re moving, you’ll live with your choice for a long time so you’d better love it. Limit the number of people involved in making the final decision to two, and then figure out which options you both like. Be prepared: the person with more passion for style, color and fashion often sways the vote. In our household when we find something we both love we buy it–that’s why we’re finally trading in the vinyl tiles for bamboo hardwood! (That is, after the requisite paint and trim updates are complete. Yours truly is having too much fun painting out the old floor along with the walls!)

Marion Taylor is a writer and video-maker living on the shores of Mississippi Lake with her husband John. John owns and operates a retail flooring store; together they’ve combined skills and resources to create how-to-flooring videos. For information about their video on Installing Laminate Flooring click on the following link: http://www.taylorscustomflooring.com/laminate-video

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When planning and designing a new pergola one of the main construction considerations is selecting the type of roofing material you want for your pergola in line with your needs. There are a number of different types of roofing available including polycarbonate, colorbond steel, tiles and opening roofs.

The first point to consider when making your selection is that the more light you let in, the more heat comes in. The catch being of course, that you need more light in winter and less in summer. There are a few ways around this problem, firstly you can use a combination of polycarbonate and colorbond steel incorporating 2 or 3 sheets of polycarbonate inserts and having the rest of the pergola roof in colorbond steel. This will effectively still let the light in that you need and the pergola climate underneath will remain comfortably cool. Another alternative is to have colorbond steel on the west side of the pergola and polycarbonate sheeting on the other, if the pergola has a gable roof.

With the polycarbonates there are a number of different qualities and light/heat factors available. Some polycarbonates let more light in and others less heat. Within the Laserlite range, there are over 20 to choose from. Polycarbonate also comes in many profiles such as Greca, Roma, Trim deck and Multi-wall System.

If you have a larger budget then an opening roof may be ideal, in this instance you can control how much light and heat you let in. In winter you can get all the winter sun by angling the open blades towards the sun and in summer just close the roof off. In the event of rain whilst you are out, the rain sensor will automatically close the opening roof for you.

Another style of pergola roofing to consider is an insulated roof with polystyrene in the middle, a colorbond roof at the top and a stucco finish on the bottom. With excellent insulation properties this style of roofing is often used for cool rooms. Of all the pergola roof coverings this one will keep out the most heat. The only downside is that it’s extremely hard to install light panels into this type of roofing.

Depending on the type of materials and roof design of your pergola it’s often possible to change or reposition some of the roof sheets if your pergola is too dark or too hot.

Fortunately with the emerging trend of the sophisticated pergola in outdoor entertaining there are a large range of materials and colours in pergola roofing to enhance your existing facade and to compliment your entertaining style.

About the Author

Greg Jacobs

I say ‘modern’ with good reason. For much as we might bracket underfloor heating with the technology of today, it is amongst the oldest heating techniques we know of. We’ll leave the old-fashioned heap of burning wood aside from that assessment. The Romans, being among the most technically advanced cultures at the time, found themselves invading colder countries than they were used to. Acclimatised to the ripe indulgent stare of the sun back home, invading a dismal place like 1st century England brought much discomfort. Rome’s greatest minds thought long and hard to solve this problem.

By basically propping up their villas on large numbers of small columns, they created unseen space underfoot. Then, setting fires at specially designed apertures, the heat and smoke from the fires would heat the air. This continual warming from beneath kept the Romans snug as a bug in a rug despite predilection for cold clothes like togas and leather skirts whilst trying to bring theater to Wales.

Modern under floor heating is thankfully, a bit more up to date but uses the same idea. Heated elements under the floor – typically hot water pipes – circulate heat beneath your feet and thus make your home that bit less chilly.

A modern heating system has great advantages over other options. Most pertinently, most other sources of heat are generally mounted on the wall, like radiators, wall-heaters etc. Firstly, this means that they are raised off the floor. As heat rises, this means that your toes – which are susceptible to feeling the chill – never get the benefit. Secondly, much heat ends up heating the bricks instead of taking the chill out of the air. While your bricks are nice and warm you might be waiting an age to feel any warmth at all.

Luckily for the interested, installation is no longer a big engineering job. You can just ‘get a man in’, but also lots of self-installation tools that let the average Joe fit it themselves. So don’t fear the onset of winter chill – start looking into getting underfloor heating.

Erroll lives in Britain’s coldest house. Perishing even in summer thanks to its colossal brick stone walls, it plummets to approximately -67 with freezing regularity in the winter. Fortunately, he has tremendous underfloor heating systems installed, and consequently still has the use of all of his toes.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Erroll_Strange

Roman architects designed a central heating system called a hypocaust. The word, hypocaustum means “heat from below.” The raised floors were held up by short pillars and spaces beneath them and inside the walls were heated with the hot smoke and air from the fire chamber. Walls were fitted with ceramic box-shaped tiles that served as flues to channel the burned air and smoke to the outside, as well as to warm them. The more warmth needed, the closer to the hypocausts they were located.

It was a pretty expensive and labor-intensive method, so hypocausts were reserved for public baths and upper class villas. In about 25 B.C. Sergius Orata figured out how to cut down on the overhead by putting the male and female bathing rooms close to the hypocausts and right next door to each other.

Korean traditional architecture uses an Ondol. This underfloor heating method depends on direct heat transfer from a wood fire maintained underneath a thick floor made of masonry. From the central firebox or stove area, usually accessible from the kitchen or master bedroom, a system of horizontal channels spider out underneath the structure. A chimney on the opposite side of the building from the firebox ensures a decent draft system.

One of the Korean twists is that while traditional masonry is used for the channels and to support the thick floor, they added an additional layer of something impervious to smoke and fumes, such as layers of stone slabs, clay and oil paper. The system works well and is in used today in many of their buildings, notably in an orphanage.

When American missionaries discovered small children sleeping on pallets and babies sleeping in boxes on the floor, they went to great lengths to obtain thousands of cribs. Even after their arrival, the well-meaning folks were baffled to find the children were still sleeping on pallets and babies were still in boxes on the floor. Only after considerable questioning did they figure out that it was the best way to keep the little ones warm since the floors were warmed in the traditional manner.

Today’s furnaces and forced air ventilation systems provide the latest in safe, efficient central heating. Filters ensure that pollutants from the outside are kept at a minimum and the closed heat production part of the system either confines or eliminates any potentially toxic substances.

We’ve come a long way, but the level of comfort we enjoy today stands on the shoulders of some pretty smart cookies who lived a very long time ago.

Bardi Heating and Air conditioning specializes in Atlanta furnace repair and maintenance. They are a local, family owned company with a name you can trust. Bardi hvac technicians are equipped to handle repairs on any brand of equipment any time of day. To learn more their services please visit http://www.Bardi.com.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brian_Figlioli

The first of the three fountains that you’ll probably notice in the piazza is the central large fountain that leads up to the magnificent Palace of the Senators. Although originally planned by Michelangelo when he laid out designs for the piazza, the fountain was only constructed in the reign of Sixtus V who diverted a water supply from the Acqua Felice that could then supply a fountain. Original plans had decreed that this fountain would contain the figure of Jove as its centerpiece; instead it was built around the figure of Minerva who stands as the figurehead of Rome. Minerva’s statue has partly been restored in modern times but the torso was brought to Rome from Cori so it is of great historical significance.

In front of the Minerva fountain you’ll find the second fountain-decorated with the sculptures of two river gods. These statues are of great historical interest; unlike many lost treasures they have survived without burial in all of the turbulent times since Rome’s downfall. Initially they were located in front of Aurelian’s Temple of the Sun but they have since been moved around various settings in Rome before settling in their current location. Like the Palace of the Senators before which they stand, much of this fountain is constructed of travertine. This fountain seamlessly melds into the palace, as if it had been placed there at the dawn of time.

You’ll find the third fountain at the Piazza del Campidoglio in the gardens of the Palazzo dei Conservatori. This fountain has barely earned its name as it is technically more of a basin with an unusual sculpture attached. The sculpture, which was added to the square in 1903, shows a lion feasting on a horse. Although this fountain may not look significant, the large statuary itself is of crucial historical import. If you look closely at the lion you’ll note that it appears to show the effects of being exposed to water for long periods of time. It was primarily discovered in the River Almo more than a thousand years ago. Its history before that remains a mystery.

Colonna

The fountain that stands in the Piazza Colonna in Rome is one of the oldest fountains in the history of the modern city. The fountain was built three hundred and twenty five years ago, is made from Porta Santa marble, and is of particular architectural and design note partly due to its original water source. The Colonna fountain was built to be fed water by the Acqua Vergine – this water source was not simply used to feed Rome’s fountains at the time but was also used as a general water supply. This meant that it was difficult to feed a fountain that required the kind of water pressure for high jets. This basically meant that fountain builders of that time had to rely on their design skills to create beautiful fountain structures rather than just making an impact with high plumes of water.

The designer of the Colonna fountain, Giacomo della Porta, was skilled in harnessing the existing water supply while still creating beautiful structures. In fact, the Colonna fountain is widely held to be one the most magnificent fountains within the city to this day. The fountain is designed in a hectagon shape and was originally to be used partly as a fountain basin and partly as a standard drinking trough. The two sections are combined by straps bearing decorations of lion heads.

The fountain’s large water features come from two sources – the first, via a vase sculpture in the center of the structure and the second, by two small jets between the vase and the edges of the basin. The vase currently in place is a replacement to the original vase, which was damaged. During the replacement the current architect, Stocchi, also added some decorative touches of dolphins and shells.

The fountain that stands within the Piazza Colonna is also of interest to historians for reasons other than its design. This fountain has long been used as a pilgrim’s fountain due to its proximity to the Column of St Paul. Whether you wish to appreciate its history or its design, this fountain is worth the visit for any traveler passing through Rome.

Sarah Martin is a freelance marketing writer specializing in finance, home improvements, and travel. For more information on garden fountains please visit http://www.garden-fountains.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sarah_Martin

What would you think if we said that a home could have:

* Heating bills 35%-60% less.

* Weather resistance that will stand up to hurricane force winds, and is rated to withstand earthquakes.

* The ultimate fire resistance insofar that some insurance companies decide to give a 20% (or more) discount on a homeowners’ policy.

* Healthy indoor air quality, essentially free from dust and pollen.

* A guarantee to never get dry-rot, or be infested by termites or carpenter ants.

* Recycled material components that save in average 15 trees per home when constructed.

* Reduced exterior wall sound transmission by more than 65% so barking dogs, lawn mowers, and even airplanes are reduced to a whisper.

* The most amazing thing of all, is that this technology is available right here, right now and it costs only a little more than a conventional wood built house.

The Magic of ICF’s……

The big secret that more and more builders, architects, engineers and homeowners are beginning to uncover is the new advances in concrete homes constructed using Insulating Concrete Forms (ICF) construction technology.

Insulating Concrete Forms are lightweight, highly durable foam blocks or forms composed of an expanded or extruded polystyrene, and recycled materials.

Raw plastic beads are molded into one of several basic form types. Some of these forms look like hollow blocks that you stack and interlock like big “Lego’s”. Others use panels that are held at a constant distance apart by a series of plastic ties.

Either way, the product is stacked in the shape of your home, reinforcing steel is placed inside, and concrete poured in between to create a solid, structural wall.

The Insulating Concrete Forms remain in place after the concrete sets, and function as thermal and acoustical insulation, an air and vapor barrier, and exterior wall sheathing. Your finished wall is basically 6″ +/- of reinforced concrete with 2″-3″ of dense foam insulation inside and out, resulting in a rock solid, 12″ thick, super-wall!

The integral, permanent insulation allows builders to construct ultra efficient walls in a fraction of the time required to build walls out of wood or steel studs.

How is an ICF Home Construction More Environmentally-Friendly?

In so many ways; ICF home construction reduces the consumption of energy. These are the most air-tight homes on the market. The concrete absorbs solar heat and slowly releases it so heat is distributed evenly throughout the home. The average energy consumption reduction is 35-60% below conventional wood frame houses. The houses use fewer natural resources to heat them and they will last quite literally for centuries.

ICF walls conserve forest resources and their energy efficiency reduces fossil fuel consumption. It’s estimated a 2,000 square foot home saves up to 15 large trees when compared to conventional construction. Concrete is inert, non-toxic, and produced from abundant natural and recycled material.

Lower noise from the outside world and the air exchange system all contribute to a more peaceful and healthy environment for the occupants of an ICF home.

Disadvantages of ICF construction:

Cost; expect to pay 5-10% more for an ICF home depending on where you live.Where ICF homes are popular the cost will probably be a little cheaper.

Even though ICF construction is very durable and Code approved, it might take a little extra time to get your plans through the building department (unless they are familiar with the particular system that you are using).

ICF construction requires subcontractors to do certain tasks differently. Wiring, heating, plumbing, and drywall will be different than in traditional construction. This might cause prices to be higher or occasionally, difficulty in finding sub-trades that have experience working in an ICF home.

The ICF industry is growing rapidly, and in the last few years we have completed projects in many different townships and municipalities. There are very few building departments left in Southern Ontario where they are not familiar with the ICF building process.

Summary:

* ICF homes are a superior system to wood framed or steel framed homes.

* Once the exterior walls are poured they are ready for finishing (on the inside and out).

* They are extremely durable and they don’t cost much more than a traditional framed home.

* Finding subcontractors may be a challenge, but if you are planning to live in your home for many years, ICF homes are the only choice to make.

Harvey Juric, ICF Consultant and CEO of ICFhome.ca is a custom home builder in southern Ontario. He has been in the home construction industry for the past 30 years performing a wide variety of tasks related to the building trades. As one of the pioneers of the Insulated Concrete Form industry, he formed ICFhome.ca to take advantage of, at that time, emerging new construction techniques that promised stronger and better and more energy efficient homes. For more information about the model home, Insulated Concrete Forms or Radiant Floor Heating contact ICFhome.ca by telephone 705 533-1633, e-mail info@icfhome.ca, or visit their web site at http://ontario-home-builder.com, http://hotwaterplant.com or http://insulated-concrete.com

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Aromatherapy of Rome candles – although they are quite incredulously overlooked by many – are one of the most popular types of candles in the world. Aromatherapy of Rome candles are considered to produce possibly the most sultry and smoldering scents of Ancient Rome, as they are inspired by the 9th century Italian thermal springs of Abano. These Aromatherapy of Rome candles use aromatherapy to create an aura of relaxation and restoration upon the user.

These candles benefit incredulously by evoking the serene and therapeutic calm that is hard to find in today’s fast-paced world, and they blend a mixture of essential oils which thus creates that of a consistently wonderful product. These candles are designed specifically to be strong enough to just the right intent, in that they are not too weak and yet not so overly powerful and strong that they are annoying or bothersome.

There are many different types of Aromatherapy of Rome candles to choose from, including: Balance candle, with lavender; Meditation candle, with patchouli and ylang ylang; Reflective candle, with honeysuckle and lemon; Sensuous candle, with ylang ylang and nutmeg; Relaxation candle, with lavender and tangerine; and the Serenity candle, with chamomile and honeysuckle. There are also Aromatherapy of Rome frosted jar candles that you can purchase.

Where Can I buy Aromatherapy of Rome Candles?

There are many locations available that offer these candles, and the best way to find the location nearest to you would be by using the Internet. This is because the speed and the efficiency of the Internet will allow you to easily and quickly find exactly what you are looking for. All you really have to do is go to a search engine online, such as Google, and type in Aromatherapy of Rome candles and then the location in which you live beside it; hit enter and watch hundreds or more results pop up right in front of your eyes.

If you like, you can even stay online the entire time and order them directly off of the Internet; generally these days all companies have a website from which you can order to anywhere in the world. Ordering off the Internet can make things incredibly easier, mainly because of the fact that there may be a store that you absolutely love but it’s halfway across the world. You might never have been able to shop there before, but with the Internet, you can.

The same applies for these candles, and will all of the locations that are available today that offer these candles in particular, it can often seem arduous and rather frustrating simply trying to decide which to shop at. However it does not have to be this difficult, and by simply taking a little bit of time and consideration, you will be able to choose what option is best for you.

Whether you are looking for gold canyon candles [http://www.scentofacandle.com/wedding/candles.asp] or you want to learn how to make candles [http://www.scentofacandle.com/make_your_own/candles.asp], visit [http://www.scentofacandle.com]

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